church

It cannot be denied that God has a wonderful plan for man. Although He has His own life and He can live without man. God wants to offer His love, His friendship, His own God life to man. He does love man so dearly and comes to man with His great power to make him His equal as it were. God therefore raise man up to His level by giving man a power to think with him, to love with him and to live with Him.

“But the appointed time came God sent his Son, born of a woman, born a subject of the law, to redeem the subjects of the law and to unable us to be adopted as sons. The proof that you are a son is that God has sent his the Spirit of His Son into our hearts: the Spirit that cries “Abba Father”, and it is this that make you son, you are not slave anymore: and if God has made you son, then he has made you heir. Once you were ignorant of God, and enslaved to “gods” who are not really God at all.(Gal.4:4-8)

For there is only one God and one mediator between God and mankind himself a man, Christ Jesus, who sacrificed himself as a ransom for them all. He is the evidence of this sent at the appointed time.(Timothy 2:5-6)

After all, it is God’s will that men should have access to the father, though Christ, the word made flesh in the Holy Spirit and thus became sharers in the divine nature.

In order to extend this reality of salvation, Jesus instituted and commissioned a community of believers through which He communicates truth and grace. This we call the Church. The church must be the place of communion, the sign of unity of the world, the place in which one tries to live in the fullness, the characteristics of the kingdom of God, peace and love, truth and justice, freedom and holiness.

The origin of the church lies in the will of heavenly father. The father sent His Son into the world to give mankind a share in His divine life. And the Holy Spirit is to complete the work of Christ through the church. Hence the Church fulfills this task of extending Christ salvific act.

God prepared the church in the history of Abraham and His descendants and established covenant with them.

·        God made covenant with Abraham and His fruitful descendence(Gen. 17:1-8)

·        God made a covenant with the people of Israel through Moses and gave them the commandments the natural law.(Ex.19:5-8)

Finally, God promised David that the future, Savior will come from among his descendants and will establish an eternal Kingdom.(2 Sam.7:12-160

In all his covenants, God took the initiative. God kept His hope of salvation. Consequently, we see these covenants, too as figures and preparations of the church.

The Church knows well that God alone, whom it serves, can satisfy the deepest craving of the human heart. The world and what it has to offer can never fully satisfy man. The mission of the Church then, is not only to remind us about Christ but to make Christ present in our history. For Christ continues saving men by and in the Church.
As you go proclaim that the Kingdom of Heaven is close at hand. Cure the sick raise the dead, cleanse the lepers, cast out devils…..(Mt.10:7-20&40)

The gospel is the word of God which the Church addresses to the world. By preaching the truths of the gospel and enlightening the different aspects of human activity, the church seeks therefor to establish the peace and justice of the Kingdom of God.

“Whenever you go into town where they make you welcome, eat what is set before you and cure those in it who are sick and say,the Kingdom of God is very near to you”(Lk.10:8-9)

All disciples continue to preach the word of God, they never afraid because the Spirit of God guide them. Some people heard and believe while others, though, they heard but they continue their evil deeds.

“They knew God and yet refuse to honor him as God or to thank him instead they made nonsense out of logic and their empty minds were darkened… In other words, since they refused to see it was rational to acknowledge God, God has left them to their own irrational ideas and to their monstrous behavior and so they are steeped in all sorts of depravity,rottenness, greed and malice,an addicted to envy, murder wrangling, treachery and spite. Libellers, slanders, enemies of God,rude, arrogant and boastful, enterprising in sin, rebellious to parents without brains, honor,pity and love. They know what God’s verdict is; that those who behave like this deserve to die and yet do it; and what is worse,encourage others to do the same”.(Roman 7:21-32)

Soon it is not enough for them that their knowledge of God should be at fault in the great struggle, to which ignorance condem their lives, they next give such massive ills, the name of peace.

Because of God’s anger He left us, but it doesn’t meant He didn’t loved us. God loved us and He want us to be saved. What He wants is to believe in Him.

“God loved the world so much that He gave His only Son so that everyone who believes in Him may not be lost but have an eternal life”.(John 3:16)
Before we are dead, through our sins and because of God grace and big loved to us He sent His son Jesus Christ and He brought us to life, raised us up with him. And blessed those whom believed in Heaven.

“Now that is hardly the way you have learn from Christ, unless you failed to hear him properly when you were taught what the truth is in Jesus. You must give up your old way of life; you must put aside you old self, which gets corrupted by following illusory desires. Your mind must be renewed by a spiritual revolution, so that you can put on the new self that has been created in God’s way, in the Goodness and holiness of the truth”.(Eph.4:20-24)

Much better if we filled with the Spirit that sing the words of God and tunes of the psalms and hymns together than doing bad things that can destroy to our relationship of God.

Basic Automechanics Tools and Equipment

   The advances of technology in the 21st century is amazing.In the automotive industry, modern technology has speeded up the manufacture of cars and other types of vehicles.In the Philippines today,more than 10 million automobiles,trucks and buses operate on the streets and highways.And yet,the demand for more vehicle is increasing every year making the field of auto mechanics o lucrative and in-demand business for many entrepreneurs.
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   Many business owners have become successful because of their skills in auto mechanics. The automotive industry employs auto mechanics, engineers, draftsmen, painters, welders, and other skilled workers.The  Skills inherent to an auto mechanic developed from perseverance and practice.Learning the basics in auto mechanics can be an important step towards earning a livelihood in the future.

   This lesson focuses on the basic tools and equipment used in auto mechanics.Because tools are important to a mechanic,they must be used properly.Purchase only tools with good quality. Tools should be kept in a safe place and in good condition.Always use the right tools for a job to avoid accidents

1. The following are the basic tools and equipment used in auto mechanics:

 Screwdrivers. These are the tools used for fastening screws. The following are the five types of screwdrivers  commonly used in auto mechanics:

• Common or Flathead screwdriver. The most common type of screwdriver used in many fields of technology.
• Philips screwdriver. This has a cross-shaped,pointed tip that does not easily slip out of the slot of a Philips-head screw.However,greater force must be exerted when using it to keep the tip in the slot.
• Clutch-head screwdriver. This is used on screws especially designed for sheet metal and trims. The tip of this screwdriver is very strong and fits securely in the screw opening.
• Offset screwdriver. This is used where space is limited and the screw is hard to reach. The bit is positioned at right angles with the screw allowing the screw to do a quarter turn at a time towards the opposite angles.
• Starting screwdriver. This is used for removing and installing screws in places difficult to reach with the hand.Once the screw is started a common screwdriver can be used to fasten it completely. Other starting screwdrivers have twisting centers or are magnetized to hold the screw.

Precautions:

• Never use a screwdriver as a cold chisel, a punch, or in prying a bar.
• Do not twist the shank of a standard screwdriver with a pliers or a wrench. (The shank is the part of the screwdriver between the handle and the bit.)
• To avoid electric shock, never use a screwdriver to check an electrical circuit.

 Hammers.These are tools used in the shop for pounding metal into shape, rounding rivets,and other similar purposes. The following types of hammers are used in auto mechanics:

• Ballpeen hammer. The flat face of this tool is used for hammering while the ball part is for rounding off rivets and similar devices.
• Soft hammer. This is used mainly on machined surfaces or fragile parts. It is usually made of lead, rawhide, plastic, brass, or rubber.

Precautions:

• When using a hammer,grip it near the end of the handle to achieve greater leverage and ensure a hard blow.Strike the object squarely with the full face of the hammer head to prevent damage to the hammer face and to the object.
• The handle of a steel hammer extends through the head where it is held tightly by the wedge.If the wedge protrudes,drive it in tighten its grip on the handle.
• If the wedge gets lost, replace it before using the hammer. Never use a hammer that has a loose head.
• Never use the hammer handle for prying or pounding.Likewise, never use a steel hammer on machined surfaces.
• To avoid damaging its face, never use soft hammers in hammering rough surfaces

Pliers. These are tools used for holding and gripping nuts and other small objects used by auto mechanics. It is also used for cutting wires, straightening a bent nail, or serving as a wrench to small nuts. The following are the common types of pliers used:

• Combination pliers. Designed mainly for gripping objects but never for tightening or loosening nuts. A slip joint permits the jaws of the pliers to open wider. For very wide objects, use rib-joint pliers.
• Diagonal cutter pliers. Ideal for pulling cotter pins,especially from slotted nuts, It may also be used for spreading the ends of cotter pins.
• Side-cutter  pliers. This is used for cutting large-gauge wires.
• Needle-nose pliers. This is used primarily for gripping small objects and for reaching hard-to-reach areas.Never force the pliers beyond its gripping capacity.
• Lock-grip pliers. This is especially designed to clamp and hold round objects. One jaw is adjustable to fit different sizes of nuts, bolts heads, pipes, or rods.
• Snap ring pliers. This is used to remove or install spread snap rings.A snap ring is a lock used in the shaft to prevent movement of a gear or a collar in the shaft. This is handy tool which prevents over-expanding of snap rings.
• Special types of pliers. These include pliers especially designed for certain tasks: battery(terminal nut)pliers, water pump nut pliers, ignition pliers,hose clamp pliers, brake spring pliers, retaining ring pliers, groove-grip snap ring pliers, horseshoe lock ring pliers, and slip-joint(channel)pliers.

Precautions:

• Avoid using pliers on hard surfaces as this dulls the teeth of the pliers so that it loses its grip.
• Never use diagonal pliers for cutting large-gauge wires so as not to damage the teeth
• Keep pliers clean and oil them whenever necessary.Oiling prevents rusting, an enemy of all metal tools.

Wrenches. These are indispensable tools in automechanics. A wrench is used to loosen and tighten nuts and bolts found in different parts of a vehicle. Different types of wrenches are used for specific purposes. These are:

• Open-end wrenches. These have opening at each end which designates the size of the wrench in inches or in  millimeters and are often combined,as 5/16 by 3/8 inches or 8 mm by 10mm. THese figures refer to the distance across the flats of the nut or bolt and not the bolt diameter.The head and opening of an open-end wrench is normally at an angle of 15 or 22-1/1 degree to the body. The offset allows more swing space in crowded places by flooping and inverting the wrench and positioning its jaws at another angle.
• Adjustable open-end wrench. This has a sliding jaw which can be moved by an adjusting screw.It cannot be used in place of an open-end wrench except when tightening an odd-sized nut or bolt. This helps to lesen the number of open-ended wrenches that a serviceman needs to carry. Adjustable wrenches are not designed for heavy use, hence , they must be used with utmost care.
• Box wrenches. These completely surround the nut to avoid slipping. It is handy for working in close quarters. Instead of the hexagonal or six-sided opening,most box wrenches have12 notches arranged in a circle. These are called 12-point wrenches. A12-point wrench is used to continuously loosen or tighten a nut with a minimum swing of the handle of only 15 degree, compared to  30 or 60 degree swing to turn a nut with the open-ended wrench.Larger box wrenches are also available in 6-point styles. Some box wrenches are made with an offset at one or both ends. This provides clearance  for your hands and protects the knuckles.
• Tubing wrenches. This is similar to a box wrench but has an opening large enough to slip over a hydraulic tubing. Pull only in a counterclockwise direction to avoid breaking the wrench opening.
• Socket wrench. This is used in heavy duty jobs to loosen r fasten bolts and nuts. Among the kinds of socket wrenches are the modern 12-point socket wrench, a sliding T-handle, a speed handle, a universal joint, and a ratchet handle. In addition, several extension and L-handles are available, Combined in various ways,these socket sets can do many nut-and-bolt jobs. Larger sockets are also available in 6-point styles. To use the socket wrench with a ratchet, select the size of socket that fits the nuts, engage it on the ratchet handle, and place the socket on the nut, Inside the head of the ratchet handle is a pawl or dog which engages or fits into one or more of the ratchet teeth. Pulling on the handle in one direction, the dog holds in the ratchet teeth and turns the socket.
• Torque wrenches. A device for measuring the amount of turning or twisting force applied on nuts and bolts. This force is called torque. Torque is not the same as tension, another type of force. The former is a applied to turn or twist a tool and is measured in foot-pounds, while the latter is simply a straight pull and is measured only in pounds. Thus, wrenches designed to measure the tightness of a nut are called torque wrenches, not tension wrenches.
• Allen wrenches. This is used on a type of screw  which does not have a head but hexagonal hole on the top which matches the Allen wrench. However, certain adjustments on the front wheels of some cars are made y turning an Allen-screw type of pin.This type of screw is not widely used in automobiles.

Precautions:

• Always place an adjustable wrench on the nut so that the pulling force is applied to the stationary jaw side of the wrench. This is withstands much greater force.
• After gripping the nut with the wrench, tighten the adjusting screw so that the wrench fits the nut snugly. Otherwise, The nut will be rounded off.
• Keep the wrench clean by washing it occasionally in a cleaning solvent and applying a light oil to the adjusting screw and slide.

 Chisels. These are used for cutting metal sheets too thick for metal shears, chipping excess metal, And removing rivets and rusty nuts. The different types of chisels are:

• Flat cold chisel. The cutting edge of this tool is slightly curved outward to allow the center portion to receive the greatest shock and protect the weak corners of the chisel. Its cutting edge angle should be between 60 and 70 degree for general.
• Cape chisel. This is used for cutting keyways, narrows,grooves and square corners.
• Round-nose chisels. This is used for cutting semicircular grooves and chipping inside corners which have a fillet or radius.
• Diamond point chisel. This is used for cutting V-grooves and square corners.

Precautions:

• Hold the chisels about an inch from its head between the thumb and first finger. Grasp it loosely but steadily to avoid hitting the hand in case of a miss.
• Wear safety glasses when chipping with a chisel.
• A chisel will cut any metal softer than itself.Always use a hammer whose  weight matches the size of the chisel.The larger  the chisel, the heavier should be the hammer.
• When grinding a chisel, never hold it against the grinding wheel for any great length of time. Dip it frequently in water or any coolant to remove the heat. Heat caused by friction with the grinding wheel reduces the hardness of steel and causes the cutting edge to become soft, making it unfit for use.

Punches. These sre valuable for reaching in where a hammer cannot go and helping direct a hammer's force to precise areas. It also used to drive out pins,loosen large screw-fastened fitting, and to draw holes together in position when fastening metal to metal. The different kinds of punches are:

• Starting punch. This has a long gentle taper which extends from its tip to the body. It is used to taper out rivets and to partially unfasten straight or tapered pins.
• Pin punch. This is used to fully drive out pind that have been partially removed by the starting punch. However, it must never be used to start a pin. Because of its slim shank,a hard blow may cause it to break or bend.
• Center punch. This is used to mark out the location where a hole id to drilled,thus eliminating drill "wandering". The point on a center punch is accurately ground and concentric with the punch body. Do not use a center punch for hard metal because it may dull the point
• Aligning punch. This is useful in shifting parts to corresponding holes in a "line up". An aligning punch should never be used in place of a a center punch.

Precautions:

• Hold the punch steadily but not too tightly to avoid hitting the hand in case of a miss with the hammer.
• Always use a hammer whose size is proportionate to that of the punch.
• After much use, the head of a punch will mushroom or flatten out. When this happens smooth it to prevent injury.

Files. These are available in numerous sizes and shapes, each one having a specific use. They are further designated but the coarseness or fineness of teeth, shape of teeth, and whether they have single- or double-cut teeth. There are many kinds o files but only those that are commonly used by servicemen are discussed in this lesson.

• Mill file.This is used to sharpen saws. It is a single -cut file, meaning only one row of teeth appear on the blade.
• Machinist's file. This is used by machine operators and has double-cut teeth.
• Rasp cut file.The teeth of this file have individually cut and disconnected form each other for separate cutting.
• Curved-tooth file. The teeth of this file are individually cut in order to aid in self-cleaning

What is automechanics?

     An auto mechanics a mechanic who specializes in automobile  maintenance,
repair, and sometimes modification. An auto mechanic may be knowledgeable
in working on all parts of a variety of car makes or may specialize either
in a specific area or in a specific make of car. In repairing cars, their
main role is to diagnose the problem accurately and quickly. They often have
to quote prices for their customers before commencing work or after partial
disassemble for inspection. The mechanic uses both electronic means of gathering
 data as well as their senses. Their job may involve the repair of a specific part
or the replacement of one or more parts as assemblies.

    Basic vehicle maintenance is a fundamental part of a mechanic's work in some countries,
 while in others they are consulted only when a vehicle is already showing signs of
 malfunction. Preventative maintenance is also a fundamental part of a mechanic's job,
 but this is not possible in the case of vehicles that are not regularly maintained by
a mechanic. One misunderstood aspect of preventative maintenance is scheduled replacement 
of various parts, which occurs before failure to avoid far more expensive damage.
Because this means that parts are replaced before any problem is observed, many vehicle
owners will not understand why the expense is necessary. The salary depends on the
 education.
      With the rapid advancement in technology, the mechanic's job has evolved from being
 purely mechanical to including electronic technology. Because vehicles today possess
 complex computer and electronic systems, mechanics need to have a broader base of
knowledge than in the past. Lately, the term "auto mechanic" is being used less and
less frequently and is being replaced by the euphemistic title "automotive service
technician". Fading quickly is the day of the 'shade tree mechanic', who needed little
knowledge of today's computerized systems.

    Due to the increasingly labyrinthine nature of the technology that is now incorporated
into automobiles, most automobile dealerships now provide sophisticated diagnostic
computers to each technician, without which they may be not be able to diagnose or repair
electronic issues in modern vehicles. The TIEC system is most popular in Northern England.
      There are things that mechanics can still do with out the use of scanners etc but
manufacturers are incorporating more and more electronics into all systems. That will
make the mechanic a thing of the past; only technicians with extensive training and
special tools will be able to fix those systems.